Denmark
Denmark is one of the Scandinavian countries that consists of the Jutland Peninsula and many other islands in northern Germany, and its capital is Copenhagen, the largest city in Denmark. Denmark shares its maritime borders with Norway, Sweden, Poland and the United Kingdom. Denmark has a total area of about 42,916 km2, and the official language is Denmark is the Danish language, in addition to some other languages; Like German, English, Faroese is also used in the Faroe Islands, and Greenlandic is spoken in Greenland.
Estonia
Estonia is located in Eastern Europe and its capital is Tallinn. Its maritime borders extend on both the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Finland. It is bordered by land by Latvia and Russia. The area of Estonia is about 45,227 km2, Finnish is the official language in the country, followed by Russian and Swedish. It is worth mentioning Estonia gained independence in 1991.
Finland
Finland is located in northern Europe, and is bordered by land by Norway, Sweden, and Russia. It also shares a maritime border with Estonia. Its borders extend to the Baltic Sea, the Gulf of Bothnia, and the Gulf of Finland. Mount Halti is the highest point in the country. It belongs to NATO. Finland covers an area of 338,145 km2. About 89% of the population speaks the Finnish language, while a small group of only 5.3% speaks Swedish, in addition to the Semitic language spoken by the ancient inhabitants of the Arctic.
Iceland
Iceland is distinguished by its strategic location in the North Atlantic Ocean, located specifically between the continents of Europe and North America, and is an island country with its capital Reykjavik, and Iceland is about 840 km from the United Kingdom, and the distance between it and the coast of Greenland is approximately 460 km, and the area of Iceland is estimated at about 103,000 km 2, Iceland is located above the meeting point of the Eurasian tectonic plate with the North American plate; Which makes it highly vulnerable to volcanic activities, and it is worth noting that Icelandic is the official language in the country.
Ireland
Ireland is located in the west of the United Kingdom, and its capital is Dublin. Ireland is a sovereign country that takes up the largest part of the area of the island of Ireland. The area of Ireland is approximately 70,273 km². The Irish language is the official language in the country, in addition to English, and the Irish Emerald Island has a historical character, Ireland is also famous for the presence of historical castles on its territory, and the Celtic lyre and the Irish shamrock are among the national symbols of Ireland.
Latvia
Latvia is one of the three Baltic countries, and its capital is the city of Riga, located in the middle between Estonia and Lithuania, and is also bordered by Russia and Belarus, and shares its maritime borders with Sweden. The area of Latvia is 64,589 km2, and the Latvian language is an official language in the country, in addition to other secondary; Like English and Russian, Latvia is famous for its picturesque scenery, beaches, rivers, and forests. It is worth noting that the state of Latvia is divided into 4 planning regions, including: Kurzemi, Langali, Vidzmi, and Zigmaly.
Bulgaria
Bulgaria is located in the center of the Balkan Peninsula, near the foothills of the Vitosha Mountains, and its capital is Sofia, which has commercial and cultural importance in Bulgaria. The area of Bulgaria is about 110,999 km2, and therefore it ranks 16th in the order of European countries in terms of size. Bulgaria is divided into 28 provinces and 265 municipalities. The provinces include: Blagoevgrad, Burgas, Dobrich, Gabrovo, Khaskovo, Krajali, Kyustendil, Lovech, Montana, Pazardzhik, Pernik, Pleven, Plovdiv, Razgrad, Ruse, Shumen, Silistra, Sliven, Smolyan, Westara, Sofia and Sofia. , Targovishte, Varna, Veliko Tarnovo, Vidin, Vratsa and Yambol.
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is located in the center of the European continent, and its capital is Prague. The Czech Republic is one of the landlocked countries; where it is surrounded by low mountain ranges; As the mountains of Raw, Sudetik and Sumarva, the highest point in the Czech Republic is located at the summit of Mount Snejka, which is part of the Sudeten Mountains, at an altitude of 1603 meters from sea level, while the lowest elevation in the Czech Republic is about 115 meters at the Elbe River, and the area of the Czech Republic is about 78,866 km 2, and the Bohemian region occupies more than half of the country's area, and the Oder River, which is one of the most important rivers in Europe, flows into the Baltic Sea, and it is worth mentioning that Prague is one of the finest and largest cities in the European continent.
Hungary
Hungary is located in central Europe, and it is one of the landlocked countries, with an estimated area of about 93,030 km2, and its flat plain nature prevails; Most of it is controlled by the Hungarian plain east of the Danube River, and the highest point in Hungary is at the Tatra Mountains, specifically at the summit of Mount Kikis, an altitude of 1015 meters above sea level, while the lowest point in Hungary is about 77.6 meters along the Tisza River in southern Hungary. major rivers; The Drava and Tisza Rivers, in addition to some important lakes; Lake Balaton is 78 km long and 3-14 km wide.
Poland
Poland is one of the major Central European countries, with an estimated area of 312,696 km2, and Poland shares its northern border with the Baltic Sea. Its nature is mountainous, while the central lands are characterized by the spread of fertile agricultural lands, valleys, and rivers, while the southern regions are somewhat mountainous, as Poland embraces 21 mountains, each more than 2,000 meters long, within the Tatra mountain range on the borders of Slovakia, while the highest point reaches at The summit of the mountain is 2,499 m, and the lowest point reaches a height of -1.8 m in the Vistula Delta.
Moldova
Moldova is one of the smallest countries in Eastern Europe, and its capital is Chisinau. The sloping mountainous terrain prevails in Moldova, with average altitudes ranging from 150-200 m, and the highest point in Moldova reaches 430 meters at Palanstye Hill, while the lowest spot in the country is located at a height of two meters within the river Dniester, which passes a small part of Moldova on the Ukrainian border, Moldova includes 32 provinces and 3 municipalities.
Romania
Romania is located in the southeast of the European continent, and its capital is Bucharest, and Romania is one of the largest countries in Europe, with an area of about 238,397 km2, the terrain varies almost equally between plains, mountains, and valleys, and the highest point in Romania is located at the summit of Mount Moldovino at an altitude of 2544 meters It is located within the Carpathian mountain range extending in the center and south of Romania, and the Danube River cuts about 1,075 km through the territory of Romania near Serbia and Bulgaria near the southern borders, in addition to the presence of several rivers that cross Romania, namely: Erges, Dembovica, Ialometa, Jiu, Mures, and Olt, Brut, Siirt, Somech, and it is reported that Romania includes 41 provinces.
Slovakia
Slovakia is located in the center of the European continent, and its capital is Bratislava. It is a relatively small, landlocked country with an area of 49,035 km2, and the nature of Slovakia is dominated by sloping mountainous terrain and dense forests in the middle of the country. At the top of the Tatra Mountains, which pass from Slovakia, with a height of up to 2,665 meters above sea level, while the lowest point is located near its border with Hungary at the Bodrug River, at a height of 94 meters. Slovakia is unique in its possession of hot water springs among the European countries outside Scandinavia Slovakia is divided into 8 main regions.
Belgium
Belgium is located in Western Europe, and its capital is Brussels, and its area is estimated at about 30,528 km2, where it shares its borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg, and France. The terrain of Belgium is divided into plains and sand dunes in the north, while rocky hills and forests prevail in the south, In addition to valleys and plateaus in the center, the highest point is located at an altitude of 694 meters above sea level, and many major rivers permeate Belgium, such as: the Schelde River and the River Meuse, and the main cities in the country include Brussels, Antwerp, Bruges, Ghent, and Ypres or Ypres.
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina is one of the Eastern European countries located in the Balkans. Its capital is Sarajevo. It is bordered by Croatia, Serbia, and Montenegro with a short coastline on the Adriatic Sea. The Alps Mountains in the country from east to west, and the highest peak is located, the Majlik summit, which is 2386 meters above sea level.
Croatia
Croatia is located in central Europe along the Adriatic Sea in the Mediterranean Sea, and its capital is Zagreb, and the history of Croatia dates back to the fourth century BC, and shares its borders with Hungary, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Slovenia, and is considered Zagreb, Dubrovnik, Zadar, and Aspalto, Rijeka is the most important Croatian city, and Croatia also includes many islands, including the island of Kres and the island of Krk, where 48 islands are inhabited, and the terrain in Croatia varies between hills, plains, mountains, and rivers.
Cyprus
The Republic of Cyprus is located in western Asia and the eastern Mediterranean. It is a Eurasian island. Cyprus shares its maritime borders with Greece to the west, Palestine to the southeast, Turkey to the northeast, Syria to the east, and Egypt to the southwest. The largest island in the Mediterranean.
Germany
Germany is a federal parliamentary republic located in the western-central part of the continent of Europe, and its capital is Berlin. Germany has the largest national economy in Europe in terms of GDP, amounting to about $3,947,620 million in 2018. Germany shares its borders with Austria, Belgium, and the Czech Republic. Denmark, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland, and the Federal Republic of Germany extends over an area of 357,386 km2 and Berlin, Frankfurt, Munich, Bonn, Nuremberg, Stuttgart, Hanover and Hamburg are among the most important cities in Germany, and many rivers permeate Germany, such as: The Rhine, Ems, Weser and Danube, as well as many forests and beaches, it is worth noting that Germany's history goes back more than 2000 years.
Greece
Greece is located in southern Europe in the far south of the Balkan Peninsula along the Mediterranean Sea, that is, it is located at the crossroads between Europe, Asia, and Africa, and shares its borders with Albania, Bulgaria, Macedonia, and Turkey, in addition to the Mediterranean Sea, and the Aegean Sea. , and the Ionian Sea, 80% of the area of Greece is made up of mountains, and Greece consists of about 1200 - 6000 islands, of which only 227 are inhabited, and it is believed that Greece is the birthplace of Western civilization. That's when Alexander the Great made the Greek Empire one of the world's largest.
France
France joined the European Union member states on January 1, 1958, and its capital is Paris, with an area of approximately 633,187 km2, while France's gross domestic product amounted to approximately 2.184 trillion euros, according to 2015 statistics, and the euro became an official currency for France since January 1st 1999 AD, and France occupies 74 parliamentary seats in the European Parliament, as well as its presidency 13 times, and it has become one of the Schengen countries since March 26, 1995 AD. France is considered a country with a semi-presidential republic system.
Italy
Italy joined the European Union member states on January 1, 1958, and its capital is Rome, with an area of approximately 302,073 km2, while Italy's gross domestic product amounted to approximately 1.636 trillion euros, according to 2015 statistics, and the euro became an official currency for Italy since January 1, 1999 Italy occupies 73 parliamentary seats in the European Parliament, and won its presidency 12 times, and it has been one of the Schengen countries since October 26, 1997.
Lithuania
Lithuania joined the European Union member states on May 1, 2004, and its capital is Vilnius, with an area of approximately 65,286 km2, while Lithuania's gross domestic product amounted to about 37.124 billion euros, according to 2015 statistics. The euro has become an official currency for Lithuania since January 1, 2014. Lithuania occupies 11 parliamentary seats in the European Parliament, and won its presidency once, and it has been one of the Schengen countries since December 21, 2007.
Luxembourg
Luxembourg joined the member states of the European Union on January 1, 1958, and its capital is Luxembourg City, with an area of approximately 2,586 km2, while Luxembourg's gross domestic product amounted to about 52.112 billion euros, according to 2015 statistics. 1999 AD, Luxembourg occupies 6 parliamentary seats in the European Parliament, and won its presidency 12 times, and it has been one of the Schengen countries since March 26, 1995 AD.
Malta
Malta joined the member states of the European Union on May 1, 2004, and its capital is Valletta, with an area of approximately 315 km2, while Malta's gross domestic product amounted to about 8.79 billion euros, according to 2015 statistics. The euro has become an official currency for Malta since January 1, 2008, Malta occupies 6 parliamentary seats in the European Parliament, and won its presidency once in 2017, and Malta has become one of the Schengen countries since December 21, 2007.
Holland
The Netherlands has been a member of the European Union since 1958. It has a constitutional monarchy. Its capital is Amsterdam. The total area of the Netherlands is approximately 41,542 km2, while the gross domestic product is estimated at about 678,572 billion euros, according to statistics in 2015. The use of the euro as an official currency in the Netherlands since In 1999, the Netherlands occupies 26 seats in the European Parliament, as well as its presidency 12 times, and it is worth noting that it became one of the countries of the Schengen area starting from March 26, 1995.
Albania
Albania is located in the south of the European continent in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula, and its capital is Tirana. Albania gained independence in 1912 AD. The nickname Sons of the Eagles is famous among the Albanian population due to the nature of Albania's rugged terrain, where Albania was a rugged region linking the Adriatic Sea and the Ionian Sea.
Andorra
Andorra is one of the small European countries located between the peaks of the southern Pyrenees, and is bordered by France to the north, and Spain to the south and west. The mountainous nature, in addition to a group of rugged valleys, such as: the Madrio Piravita Claror Valley, which covers approximately 10% of the area of Andorra, which was classified as a heritage site by UNESCO in 2004 AD.
Austria
Austria is located in south-central Europe, and its capital is Vienna. Austria is bordered by the Czech Republic to the north, to the northeast by Slovakia, to the east by Hungary, to the south by Slovenia, to the southwest by Italy, to the west by Switzerland and Liechtenstein, and to the northwest by Germany. Austria and Switzerland form the nucleus Neutral to Europe, despite Austria's full membership in the European Union since 1995. A large part of Austria's importance is due to its geographical location; Located at the center of European east-west traffic along the north-south trade route through the Alpine passes, Austria stretches about 580 km from east to west.
Belarus
Belarus is one of the countries of Eastern Europe that became independent in 1991, and its capital is Minsk, and it is the smallest of the Slavic republics within the Soviet Union. The lands that became called Belarus were divided; As a result, the history of Belarus is inseparable from the history of its neighbors, and about one-fifth of the population of Belarus lives in the capital; It is a modern city that was almost completely rebuilt after World War II.
Macedonia
Macedonia is located in the southern half of the Balkans, which brings together parties from some countries; As southwestern Bulgaria, the northern part of central Greece, and the Republic of North Macedonia, it borders Macedonia on the eastern side by the Nestos River, the Rhodope Mountains, and from the north by the Skopska Karna Gora Mountains, and to the west by the Korab mountain range, Ohrid and Prespa lakes, in addition to the Hlikmon River and the mountains Pindos is from the north, and Skopje is the capital of Macedonia. It is worth noting that Macedonia has gone through a rich history due to its strategic location linking the Adriatic Sea with the Bosphorus and the Aegean Sea with the Danube River.
Monaco
The Principality of Monaco is located along the Mediterranean coast in the French Riviera, where the borders of Monaco are 15 km away from the French city of Nice to the west, and away from the Italian border by 8 km to the east, and Monaco is characterized by great tourist importance that made it a favorite tourist destination for many Visitors spend most of their time on the beaches of Monaco and its boats, as well as hosting international car races. The average temperature throughout the year in Monaco is approximately 17 degrees Celsius; Where temperatures range between 10 - 24 degrees Celsius, Monaco is also distinguished by its historical heritage.
Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein is one of the smallest European countries located in the western part, specifically between Switzerland and Austria, and its capital is Vaduz, and the eastern part of Liechtenstein is characterized by embracing 3 high peaks of the Ratikon mountain range, and the highest peak is estimated at more than 2599 meters above sea level, and includes many slopes. The height of more than 1800 meters, and the mountain peaks in Liechtenstein are usually covered with snow, as well as some rivers, such as: the Samina River, the Rhine River in the western part, and the Aile River. The climate in Liechtenstein is moderate during the year; This is due to the effect of the warm Fon wind phenomenon, which is a major reason for the ability to grow grapes and corn in mountainous areas.
The black Mountain
Montenegro is located in the western Balkan Peninsula, and shares borders with Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast, Kosovo and Albania to the southeast, the Adriatic Sea to the southwest, and its capital is Podgorica. The area of the Republic of Montenegro is about 13,810 km2, and divided into two parts, one of which is the arid western part, and the other is the eastern part, which is rich in pastures and forests, and the Zeta River separates both sides, and Lake Scutari is of great importance in the republic. It is mentioned that the Republic of Montenegro includes many cultures, as it includes the Serbs, And the Bosnians, and the Albanians, where the population is famous for the profession of raising livestock.
Norway
Norway is located in the northern part of the continent of Europe above the Scandinavian Peninsula. It is a sovereign country ruled by a constitutional monarchy. It became independent in 1905 AD, and was classified as a democratic country in 2019 by the Economic Intelligence Unit. Norway also scored the highest points in the amount of personal freedom granted to individuals, Norway shares a land border with Sweden, and is bordered to the northeast by Finland and Russia, and its long coastal borders extend to the Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea, and the areas near the sea enjoy relatively warm temperatures throughout the year, while the colder it increases the further away from the sea. .
Portugal
Portugal is located in the far southwest of the continent of Europe, and shares a fifth of the Iberian Peninsula with Spain. The Portuguese language is the official language in Portugal, and Portugal is characterized by its rectangular area; The longest distance between its north and south is estimated at 561 km, while its maximum width is 218 km. Portugal includes the Azores, in addition to the Madeira Islands, and the Mediterranean climate prevails over the atmosphere in Portugal, and the southern regions are most vulnerable to drought due to sunlight. strong in summer; As temperatures decrease towards the north, the history of Portugal dates back to 1000 BC.
Spain
Spain is located in the far southwest of the continent of Europe, and shares the Iberian Peninsula with Portugal; Spain takes the largest share, estimated at about 80% of the area of the peninsula. Spain shares its land borders with France and Andorra. The Pyrenees mountain range is located on the Spanish-French border. The area of Spain is about 505,955 km2, including its islands; Like the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean and the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean, and the cities of Ceuta and Melilla in North Africa, Spain is divided into 19 autonomous regions, and Madrid and Catalonia are the most prosperous regions.
Sweden
Sweden is one of the European countries, and the largest of the Scandinavian countries in area, covering an area of 450,000 km2, and its capital is Stockholm, and shares its land borders with Finland to the northeast, and Norway to the west, and Sweden embraces more than 100,000 lakes, in addition to forests and rivers, and is located the highest point In Sweden, at the top of Mount Kepnikais, with a height of 2,111 meters above the surface of the earth, and the south of the country is characterized by containing many fine beaches and urban areas, such as: Gothenburg, Helsingborg, and Malmö, while the famous Öland, Gotland and Baltic islands are located off the southern coast. Eastern Sweden.
Switzerland
Switzerland is a federal state located in Europe, where it shares borders with Austria, Germany, Italy, and Liechtenstein, with an area of approximately 41,000 km2, and Switzerland is dominated by mountainous terrain; The highest point of the canton of Valais is about 4,634 meters above sea level, while the lowest point is at Ascona in Ticino, about 196 meters. The Alps mountain range covers about 60% of Switzerland with an average altitude of 1,700 meters. The most famous of them is the Aletsch glacier, which is located at an altitude of more than 2,000 meters. Switzerland also embraces many rivers, in addition to more than 1,000 waterfalls and 1,600 lakes.
Slovenia
Slovenia is located in Central Europe, bordering the Alps and overlooking the Mediterranean Sea. Slovenia has a coastline located on the Adriatic Sea with a length of 43 km, and the lowest elevation on the surface of Lovinia is about 200 meters above sea level, and the Slovenian language is the official language in The country, in addition to the Hungarian and Italian languages, which are treated as additional official languages due to the presence of some Hungarian and Italian minorities, and some residents within Slovenia speak South Slavic languages, and English and German are among the languages that are taught to Slovenes, and there are many religions in them; Where Christianity spreads in a large proportion, in addition to the Islamic religion and Judaism.
United kingdom
The United Kingdom is defined as the union of Northern Ireland, England, Wales, and Scotland, in addition to many small islands located off the northwest coast of Europe, and its capital is London, and its system of government is a constitutional monarchy, and English is the official language in it, and its main currency is The area of the United Kingdom is about 242,514 km2, and it is dominated by high terrain and mountainous hills interspersed with deep valleys, as well as a large number of lakes, and it is worth noting that it contains a series of steep mountains represented by the Scottish Highlands.
Vatican
The Vatican is located within the Italian city of Rome, and the Vatican is the smallest country in the world, with an estimated area of approximately 0.27 km2, and is governed by the Catholic Church, and the Vatican is famous for its amazing artwork, elaborate handcrafts, and heritage museums, and it is surprising that entering the Vatican country does not need to be checked And visas work, as the number of tourists who visit the country of the Vatican is about 20,000 tourists daily, due to its religious and heritage importance, and it is worth noting that the country of the Vatican is the only country in the world that has been fully classified as a heritage site by the World Organization of UNESCO.
Serbia
The Republic of Serbia is located in the southeast of Europe, where it is located within the Pannonian Basin in addition to the western and central Balkan Peninsula, and its capital is Belgrade. Serbia shares its borders with Hungary to the north, Romania and Bulgaria to the east, North Macedonia and Kosovo to the south, in addition to Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina. and Montenegro from the west, and the area of Serbia is estimated at about 88,361 km2, and the terrain varies in it, including the Pannonian Plain from the north, the hills of the Carpathian Mountains from the west, and the Dinaric Alps from the west and southwest, and the Serbian language is the official language in it.
Ukraine
Ukraine is the second largest country in Europe, located in central Europe, and its capital is Kiev. Ukraine shares its borders with Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Moldova, Russia, and Belarus. The area of Ukraine is approximately 603,700 km2, including Crimea. The origin of Ukraine's name goes back to the Slavic word (Kraj); Which means homeland or land, and the Ukrainian flag consists of blue and yellow, and it is worth noting that the official language in Ukraine is the Ukrainian language, which is one of the Slavic languages, and the plains and fertile areas interspersed with rivers prevail in the terrain of Ukraine.
San Marino
The Republic of San Marino is located in southern Europe, specifically in northeastern Italy, and its capital is the city of San Marino, and it is one of the five small European countries. One winds around the summit of Mount Titano, one of the mountains of the Apennines.
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